Targoff Lab
![](https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_200_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=na_KMAII 200w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_260_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=th7K7yZi 260w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_320_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=8DRWrA8W 320w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_400_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=DRETJ0SL 400w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_520_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=T337h2OY 520w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_640_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=vBgLG6HI 640w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_800_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=4UG3m4Rx 800w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_1040_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=NhP-Mcpu 1040w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_1280_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=nXBOjfro 1280w, https://www.pediatrics.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/styles/cola_media_1600_16_9/public/media/images/2019-04/vmhc-mcherry-amhc-gfp_2.5mut_51hpf_-3.jpg?itok=OwCJJYvW 1600w)
Cardiac morphogenesis is a carefully orchestrated process representing the first organogenesis milestone in developing vertebrate embryos. Establishment of specific characteristics of two major cardiac chambers, a ventricle and an atrium, is crucial to formation of a functional heart. Despite the importance of maintaining unique features in chamber-specific cardiomyocytes, the regulatory mechanisms guiding these processes are yet to be uncovered. The strong association of nkx2-5 with human congenital heart disease in both chambers and our studies revealing the differential effects of nkx genes on ventricular and atrial cell number in zebrafish prompted our interest in the role of nkx genes on chamber identity.